19-03.4 Drug Paraphernalia - North Dakota Statutes

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CHAPTER 19-03.4DRUG PARAPHERNALIA19-03.4-01.Definition - Drug paraphernalia.In this chapter, unless the contextotherwise requires, "drug paraphernalia" means all equipment, products, and materials of any
kind which are used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating,
growing, harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing, processing, preparing,
testing, analyzing, packaging, repackaging, storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting,
inhaling, or otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled substance in violation of
chapter 19-03.1. The term includes:1.Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in planting, propagating, cultivating,
growing, or harvesting of any species of plant which is a controlled substance or
from which a controlled substance can be derived.2.Kits used, intended for use, or designed for use in manufacturing, compounding,
converting, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances.3.Isomerization devices used, intended for use, or designed for use in increasing the
potency of any species of plant which is a controlled substance.4.Testing equipment used, intended for use, or designed for use in identifying or in
analyzing the strength, effectiveness, or purity of controlled substances.5.Scales and balances used, intended for use, or designed for use in weighing or
measuring controlled substances.6.Diluents and adulterants, including quinine hydrochloride, mannitol, dextrose, and
lactose, used, intended for use, or designed for use in cutting controlled substances.7.Separation gins and sifters used, intended for use, or designed for use in removing
twigs and seeds from, or in otherwise cleaning or refining, marijuana.8.Blenders, bowls, containers, spoons, grinders, and mixing devices used, intended
for use, or designed for use in compounding, manufacturing, producing, processing,
or preparing controlled substances.9.Capsules, balloons, envelopes, and other containers used, intended for use, or
designed for use in packaging small quantities of controlled substances.10.Containers and other objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in storing
or concealing controlled substances or products or materials used or intended for
use in manufacturing, producing, processing, or preparing controlled substances.11.Hypodermic syringes, needles, and other objects used, intended for use, or
designed for use in parenterally injecting controlled substances into the human body.12.Objects used, intended for use, or designed for use in ingesting, inhaling, or
otherwise introducing marijuana, cocaine, hashish, or hashish oil into the human
body, including:a.Metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, or ceramic pipes with or without
screens, permanent screens, hashish heads, or punctured metal bowls.b.Water pipes.c.Carburetion tubes and devices.Page No. 1d.Smoking and carburetion masks.e.Objects, sometimes commonly referred to as roach clips, used to hold burning
material, for example, a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too
short to be held in the hand.f.Miniature cocaine spoons and cocaine vials.g.Chamber pipes.h.Carburetor pipes.i.Electric pipes.j.Air-driven pipes.k.Chillums.l.Bongs.m.Ice pipes or chillers.13.Ingredients or components to be used or intended or designed to be used in
manufacturing, producing, processing, preparing, testing, or analyzing a controlled
substance, whether or not otherwise lawfully obtained, including anhydrous
ammonia, nonprescription medications, methamphetamine precursor drugs, or
lawfully dispensed controlled substances.19-03.4-02. Drug paraphernalia - Guidelines. In determining whether an object is drugparaphernalia, a court or other authority shall consider, in addition to all other logically relevant
factors:1.Statements by an owner or by anyone in control of the object concerning its use.2.Prior convictions, if any, of an owner, or of anyone in control of the object, under any
state or federal law relating to any controlled substance.3.The proximity of the object, in time and space, to a direct violation of chapter
19-03.1.4.The proximity of the object to controlled substances.5.The existence of any residue of controlled substances on the object.6.Direct or circumstantial evidence of the intent of an owner, or of any person in
control of the object, to deliver the object to another person whom the owner or
person in control of the object knows, or should reasonably know, intends to use the
object to facilitate a violation of chapter 19-03.1. The innocence of an owner, or of
any person in control of the object, as to a direct violation of chapter 19-03.1 may not
prevent a finding that the object is intended or designed for use as drug
paraphernalia.7.Instructions, oral or written, provided with the object concerning the object's use.8.Descriptive materials accompanying the object which explain or depict the object's
use.9.National and local advertising concerning the object's use.Page No. 210.The manner in which the object is displayed for sale.11.Whether the owner, or anyone in control of the object, is a legitimate supplier of like
or related items to the community, for example, a licensed distributor or dealer of
tobacco products.12.Direct or circumstantial evidence of the ratio of sales of the object or objects to the
total sales of the business enterprise.13.The existence and scope of legitimate uses for the object in the community.14.Expert testimony concerning the object's use.15.The actual or constructive possession by the owner or by a person in control of the
object or the presence in a vehicle or structure where the object is located of written
instructions, directions, or recipes to be used, or intended or designed to be used, in
manufacturing, producing, processing, preparing, testing, or analyzing a controlled
substance.19-03.4-03. Unlawful possession of drug paraphernalia - Penalty. A person may notuse or possess with intent to use drug paraphernalia to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest,
manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store,
contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled
substance in violation of chapter 19-03.1. Any person violating this section is guilty of a class C
felony if the drug paraphernalia is used, or possessed with intent to be used, to manufacture,
compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, inject, ingest, inhale, or analyze a controlled
substance, other than marijuana, classified in schedule I, II, or III of chapter 19-03.1. Otherwise,
a violation of this section is a class A misdemeanor.19-03.4-04. Unlawful manufacture or delivery of drug paraphernalia - Penalty. Aperson may not deliver, possess with intent to deliver, or manufacture with intent to deliver, drug
paraphernalia, if that person knows or should reasonably know that the drug paraphernalia will be
used to plant, propagate, cultivate, grow, harvest, manufacture, compound, convert, produce,
process, prepare, test, analyze, pack, repack, store, contain, conceal, inject, ingest, inhale, or
otherwise introduce into the human body a controlled substance in violation of chapter 19-03.1.
Any person violating this section is guilty of a class C felony if the drug paraphernalia will be used
to manufacture, compound, convert, produce, process, prepare, test, inject, ingest, inhale, or
analyze a controlled substance, other than marijuana, classified in schedule I, II, or III of chapter
19-03.1. Otherwise, a violation of this section is a class A misdemeanor.19-03.4-05. Unlawful delivery of drug paraphernalia to a minor - Penalty. A personeighteen years of age or over may not deliver drug paraphernalia, in violation of this chapter, to a
person under eighteen years of age who is at least three years the deliverer's junior. Any person
violating this section is guilty of a class C felony.19-03.4-06. Unlawful advertisement of drug paraphernalia - Penalty. A person maynot place an advertisement in any newspaper, magazine, handbill, or other publication if that
person knows or should reasonably know that the purpose of the advertisement, in whole or in
part, is to promote the sale of objects designed or intended for use as drug paraphernalia. Any
person violating this section is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.19-03.4-07. Prima facie proof of intent. Possession of more than twenty-four grams ofa methamphetamine precursor drug or combination of methamphetamine precursor drugs
calculated in terms of ephedrine HCI and pseudoephedrine HCI is prima facie evidence of intent
to violate sections 19-03.4-03 and 19-03.4-04. This section does not apply to a practitioner as
defined in section 19-03.1-01 or to a product possessed in the course of a legitimate and lawful
business.Page No. 319-03.4-08. Retail or over-the-counter sale of scheduled listed chemical products -Penalty.1.The retail sale of scheduled listed chemical products is limited to:a.Sales in packages containing not more than a total of two grams of one or more
scheduled listed chemical products, calculated in terms of ephedrine base,
pseudoephedrine base, and phenylpropanolamine base; andb.Sales in blister packs, each blister containing not more than two dosage units,
or when the use of blister packs is technically infeasible, sales in unit dose
packets or pouches.2.A person may not:a.Deliver in a single over-the-counter sale more than two packages of a
scheduled listed chemical product or a combination of scheduled listed
chemical products; orb.Without regard to the number of over-the-counter sales, deliver more than a
daily amount of three and six-tenths grams of scheduled listed chemical
products, calculated in terms of ephedrine base, pseudoephedrine base, and
phenylpropanolamine base, to a purchaser.3.When offering scheduled listed chemical products for sale, the person shall place
the products behind a counter or other barrier, or in a locked cabinet, where
purchasers do not have direct access to the products before the sale is made.4.a.When offering scheduled listed chemical products for retail sale, a person shall
require, obtain, and make a written record of the identification of the person
purchasing the scheduled listed chemical product, the identification being a
document issued by a government agency as described in subdivisions a and b
of subsection 6, and shall deliver the product directly into the custody of the
purchaser.b.The person shall maintain a written list of sales that identifies the product by
name, the quantity sold, the names and addresses of the purchasers, the dates
and times of the sales, and a notice to a purchaser that the making of false
statements or misrepresentations may subject the purchaser to federal and
state criminal penalties. The purchaser shall sign the written list of sales and
enter the purchaser's name, address, and the date and time of the sale. The
person making the sale shall determine that the name entered by the purchaser
corresponds with the name on the identification provided by the purchaser and
that the date and time of the purchase is correct. The person making the sale
shall enter the name of the product and the quantity sold on the list.c.The person shall maintain the record of identification required by this
subsection for three years, after which the record must be destroyed.Theperson may not use or maintain the record for any private or commercial
purpose or disclose the record to any person, except as required by law. The
person shall disclose the record, upon request, to a law enforcement agency for
a law enforcement purpose.A person who in good faith releases theinformation in the record of identification to federal, state, or local law
enforcement authorities is immune from civil liability for such release unless the
release constitutes gross negligence or intentional, wanton, or willful
misconduct.5.A person may not deliver in an over-the-counter sale a scheduled listed chemical
product to a person under the age of eighteen years.Page No. 46.It is a prima facie case of a violation of subsection 5 if the person making the sale
did not require and obtain proof of age from the purchaser. "Proof of age" means a
document issued by a governmental agency which:a.Contains a description of the person or a photograph of the person, or both,
and gives the person's date of birth; andb.Includes a passport, military identification card, or driver's license.7.It is an affirmative defense to a violation of subsection 5 if:a.The person making the sale required and obtained proof of age from the
purchaser;b.The purchaser falsely represented the purchaser's proof of age by use of a
false, forged, or altered document;c.The appearance of the purchaser was such that an ordinary and prudent
person would believe the purchaser to be at least eighteen years of age; andd.The sale was made in good faith and in reliance upon the appearance and
representation of proof of age of the purchaser.8.This section does not apply to a product that the state board of pharmacy, upon
application of a manufacturer, exempts from this section because the product has
been formulated in such a way as to effectively prevent the conversion of the active
ingredient into methamphetamine, or its salts or precursors.9.A person may not:a.Make a false statement or misrepresentation in the written list of sale that is
prepared and maintained as required by subsection 4; orb.Purchase more than nine grams of ephedrine base, pseudoephedrine base, or
phenylpropanolamine base in scheduled listed chemical products in a thirty-day
period.10.A person who willfully violates subsection 1 or 9 is guilty of a class A misdemeanor.
A person who willfully violates subsection 2, 3, 4, or 5 is guilty of an infraction.11.A person who is the owner, operator, or manager of the retail outlet or who is the
supervisor of the employee or agent committing a violation of this section of the
outlet where scheduled listed chemical products are available for sale is not subject
to the penalties of this section if the person:a.Did not have prior knowledge of, participate in, or direct the employee or agent
to commit, the violation of this section; andb.Certifies to the attorney general that the employee or agent, at the time of initial
employment and each calendar year thereafter, participated in a training
program approved by the attorney general providing the employee or agent
with information regarding the state and federal regulations governing the sale,
possession, and packaging of such products.The approval of the training program by the attorney general is not subject to
chapter 28-32.12.A political subdivision, including a home rule city or county, may not enact any
ordinance relating to the sale by a retail distributor of over-the-counter productsPage No. 5containing ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or phenylpropanolamine.Any existingordinance is void.Page No. 6Document Outlinechapter 19-03.4 drug paraphernalia